Communications realism in C4ISR modeling and simulation in a distributed simulation environment

This paper describes a process for ensuring communications realism in army modeling and simulation (M&S). The applicability of the work spans research, development, and acquisition (RDA), advanced concepts requirements (ACR), and training, exercises, and military operations (TEMO), for constructive, virtual, and live simulations. The focus of the paper is on modeling of a high level architecture (HLA) compliant communications effects federate (CEF).