E-Lanmar: Energy aware LANDMARK selection for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is crucial as the topology changes occur more frequently. The routing protocol associated with network layer should therefore adhere to the change in topology and thereby provide good Quality of Service. As most of the devices involved in MANET are battery operated, routing of packets, playing an important role in energy consumption, arises the need for energy aware routing. One such proactive protocol which helps to determine route from source to destination is LANMAR, a combination of FSR (Fisheye State Routing) and LANDMARK protocol. The issue associated with this protocol is frequent usage of control messages for LANDMARK selection, which acts as a cluster head to forward the packets from one cluster to another. In this paper we propose a scheme to reduce frequent usage of control messages for LANDMARK selection. The idea is to choose the node with high residual energy as the cluster head which helps to avoid frequent cluster head selection process thereby increase in performance is achieved. The analysis of LANMAR and energy aware LANMAR with mobility is simulated using QualNet simulator. The performance is calculated using metrics like throughput and packet delivery ratio.