A study of economic dispatch with emission constraint in smart grid including wind turbines and electric vehicles

The economic dispatch (ED) problem in the term of operation and management in power system is an essential issue, especially in smart grid. With the increasing requirement of environment protection, renewable energy mainly wind power and solar energy is widely researched and applied into real life to save fuel cost and reduce emission from the electricity industry. This paper presents an optimization of fuel cost and emission for a smart grid which includes wind turbines (WTs) and electric vehicles (EVs). In this problem, we determine which generator should be started and running to satisfy the continually changing load demand at each period and meanwhile to minimize the total operating cost and carbon dioxide emissions of generators. Applying traditional polynomial function in a smart grid, the numerical results show the performance of WTs and EVs. WTs have contribution to reduce emissions from the electricity industry; and EVs can reduce fuel cost for electric utility and make profit for customers by taking advantage of ladder price.