Wireless sensor network wave propagation in vegetation: Review and simulation

Radio wave propagation through foliage medium induces an additional excess loss on the propagating components such as direct wave and reflected waves. Therefore to provide reliable and to enhance network coverage of wireless Sensor Actor Network (WSAN) a precise study and modeling of these effects must overcome with adequate prediction of the propagation loss of the WSAN signals. In this paper, the foliage imposed effect on the propagating waves is examined and the losses(dB) are concluded as a function of antenna height and the separation distance of wireless nodes in a field of various dense of foliage. Small distance low height, near ground, vegetated radio-wave propagation, the propagation loss is modeled by an integration of the foliage imposed effect and the effect from the radio wave reflections from the ground.