Microgrids — A review of modeling, control, protection, simulation and future potential

Results of a literature survey done on microgrids from conception to installation is presented. The purpose is to evaluate the current status, major obstacles and existing research efforts directed toward establishing functional microgrids within utility systems. This review paper covers technical issues associated with frequency control and re-synchronization associated with typical distributed energy sources. Also evaluated are regulatory and policy issues associated with ownership, maintenance, availability, coordinated equipment control, obligation to provide adequate power quality, etc. associated with operating an islanded microgrid within a utility company's service territory. Actual microgrids in operation today are described. Benchmark test systems for steady state and dynamic simulations are also discussed.