Research on shallow water acoustic communication based on frequency hopping

In this paper, an underwater acoustic (UWA) channel model characterized by multipath propagation, time-varying fading and additive Gaussian white noise (AWGN) is analyzed. Based on the model, a UWA frequency-shift keying (FSK) frequency-hopped spread-spectrum (FHSS) scheme which combines the FM sequence of prime numbers-based frequency hopping (FH) and multi-frequency shift keying (MFSK) is proposed. The performance of presented scheme is analyzed under conditions of shallow water acoustic channel, building the foundation of parameters selection and performance optimization for FH/MFSK system. In addition, our proposed schemes are robust and reliable with respect to multipath interference, which is demonstrated through simulation results.