Fabrication of Lithium Niobate p-n Junctions

For lack of p-type lithium niobate crystals, the application of LiNbO₃ is limited in active integrated optics. Here several p-type LiNbO₃ crystals were investigated, and various LiNbO₃ p-n junctions were fabricated by liquid phase epitaxy, sputtering and laser molecular beam epitaxy. The current-voltage characteristics of these junctions were measured. The experiment results show that thermo-electric oxidized 0.1 wt% Fe: LiNbO₃ / 0.1 wt% Fe: LiNbO₃ junction fabricated by sputtering has clear rectifying characteristic. These results are helpful for all-optical integrated photonics.