Nano-resolution sensors for disaster warning systems

New high-resolution sensing technology has been developed for oceanic, seismic, and atmospheric measurements. Depth sensors, accelerometers, and barometers employing forcesensitive resonant quartz crystals have demonstrated their effectiveness in measuring tsunamis, earthquakes, and infrasound signals with a sensitivity of parts-per-billion. The nano-resolution depth sensors offer an improved ability to separate earthquake vibrations and other oceanic noise from tsunami waveforms. Seismic signals can be measured with new strong motion sensors to a few nano-g's. Atmospheric infrasound signals can be measured to a small fraction of a milli-Pascal. Geophysical measurements can now be made with unprecedented clarity from beneath the seafloor, to the ocean bottom, through the water column, and through the atmosphere in a single coherent array. Nano-resolution sensors will improve the identification and prediction of the magnitude, location and path of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and severe weather with increased warning times. Examples are given of Sea-Air-Land Tomography and seismic, oceanic, and infrasound measurements of the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster.