Overview of Handover Latency and Resource Consumption in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Protocol and GPS Approaches

IP-Mobility protocols provides robust and integrate connectivity while the Mobile Node (MN) is moving among wireless networks. Therefore running certain procedures are needed to perform the complete handover procedure which results in handover latency and consequently packet loss. The four main causes of handover latency are: 1) Movement Detection, 2) Neighbor Discovery, 3) Duplicate Address Discovery (DAD), and 4) Sending Binding Updates (BUs). Researchers and IP-mobility communities have recently been drawn to deploying GPS technology in order to benefit from coordinate information provided by GPS devices which perform seamless and smooth handover. In this paper, the latest HMIPv6 protocol and GPS model improvements are investigated and compared in terms of handover latency and energy consumption.