Smart charge management of electric vehicles in decentralized power supply systems

In the world wide discussion on reducing CO₂ emissions, the utilization of electric vehicles is considered to be a reasonable approach. But an essential contribution to CO₂ reduction can only be reached by integrating the vehicles into the electrical grid as controlled loads. Demand side management allows scheduling the charging process so that vehicle accumulators are charged during time periods of high regenerative power supply or low grid load. By this means the electric vehicles can be largely supplied by CO₂ free energy sources and the utilization of the power supply infrastructure can be improved. Additional investment in the replacement reserve and the expansion of the grid transmission capacity can be avoided, especially in urban areas. This contribution will introduce different concepts for the integration of electric vehicles into the electrical grid, which allow a large utilization of stochastically fluctuating regenerative energy sources. Furthermore, incentive concepts for influencing the behavior of vehicle users, in order to create a temporal correlation between the charging time of the vehicle and the availability of power from regenerative sources, will be introduced and their effects discussed.