Stacked rectangular microstrip antenna for triple band (GPS/VICS/ETC) operation in ITS

In this paper, a stacked rectangular microstrip antenna with a shorting plate combined with a stacked rectangular ring microstrip antenna has been proposed for triple-band (GPS/VICS/ETC) operation in ITS. The proposed antenna is excited by an L-probe feed. By simulations, the operational principles at three resonant modes are clarified and the relationships between the geometric parameters of the L-probe feed and the antenna characteristics (the return loss and the polarized waves) are investigated.