Joint blind equalization with a shell partition-based CMA for QAM signal constellations

For quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) systems, the joint blind equalization (JBE) algorithm, concatenation of two different equalization modes, has been widely used. After the eye is opened by the blind equalization mode, the decision-directed (DD) mode follows to improve the equalization performance with fast convergence. This paper proposes a shell partition-based constant modulus algorithm (CMA) (SPCMA) which acts as the DD mode in the JBE. Computer simulation results for 16-QAM show the effectiveness of the proposed JBE.