553-GHz signal generation in CMOS using a quadruple-push oscillator

A 553-GHz quadruple-push oscillator is demonstrated using low leakage transistors in 45-nm CMOS. The currents of coupling transistors of a quadrature oscillator were summed up to implement quadruple pushing. Quasi-optical measurements showed that the circuit generates 4^th harmonic signal at 553 GHz with the power level of 220 nW, while suppressing unwanted harmonic signals. The circuit consumes 64 mW from a 1.4 V supply.