Hierarchical adaptive balanced energy efficient routing protocol (HABRP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. In this paper we propose Hierarchical Adaptive Balanced energy efficient Routing Protocol (HABRP) to decrease probability of failure nodes and to prolong the time interval before the death of the first node (stability period) and increasing the lifetime in heterogeneous WSNs, which is crucial for many applications. We study the impact of heterogeneity of nodes, in terms of their energy, in wireless sensor networks that are hierarchically clustered. In these networks some high-energy nodes called NCG nodes (Normal node/Cluster Head/ Gateway) are elected “cluster heads” to aggregate the data of their cluster members and transmit it to the chosen “Gateways” that requires the minimum communication energy to reduce the energy consumption of cluster head and decrease probability of failure nodes and properly balance energy dissipation. The simulation results demonstrated that new protocol is more energy efficient and is more effective in prolonging the network life time and a stability period compared to LEACH and SEP.