A cognitive study of in-vehicle navigation systems: Applying verbal protocol analysis to usability evaluation

The driver's cognitive process when using an in-vehicle navigation system (IVNS) is investigated by means of verbal protocol analysis. Field experiments and laboratory experiments are employed. A concept of cognitive maps is used as the framework of the analysis. In the first stage, assuming that a person who is familiar with an area is the best navigator, communication between a driver and a navigator is observed. Three prototype IVNSs are designed, and comparative studies are conducted. The results indicate important factors in the design of the user-friendly interface of IVNS.