Present day aqueous cleaners versus older aqueous cleaners and the justification for no-clean

The cost ramifications of closed looped aqueous cleaners for PCA assembly are assessed as compared to open loop cleaners or no-clean. The case is made that the underlying assumption and views that drove many companies to adopt no-clean in the past have ceased to exist in modern aqueous cleaning systems. Further, the reflexive assumption that no-clean will always be less costly to run than aqueous cleaners is shown to be totally out-moded well.