State of the art review for automotive satellite antennas

The number of Satellite Services have increased tremendously during the last years: although initially driven only the military applications, commercial automotive applications collected the mass market attention in the recent years. Nowadays, these satellite services are mainly used for voice, data, internet, and tracking applications. Vehicles are increasingly being equipped with on-board electronic systems, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Mobile Phone and Digital Communication Systems (GSM, UMTS and DCS), Digital Video and Audio Broadcast Services (DVB-T, DAB), which are usually integrated together, sharing the same multiband antenna. The aim of the present article is to review the antenna solutions used in the automotive markets, providing a literature and a product overview with indications of future trends.