Novel Ultra-low power RRAM with good endurance and retention

We report high performance RRAM of ultra-low 4 μW set power (-3.5 μA at -1.1 V), 16 pW reset power (0.12 nA at 0.13 V), large extrapolated 10-year on/off retention window of 4 × 10⁵ at 85°C, good 10⁶ cycling endurance and fast 50 ns switching for the first time. These were achieved using novel covalent-bond-dielectric/metal-oxide and low cost electrodes.