Overview: Emerging technologies on giga-scale FPGA implementat

FPGA is an efficient reconfigurable IC platform and is playing an increasingly important role in the electronics prototype implementation. With the rapid development of semiconductor technology and nano-technology over the last decade, FPGA has entered into a Giga-scale era. In this paper, the current status and future directions of Giga-scale FPGAs are presented. Specifically, the emerging technology-based FPGAs such as asynchronous FPGA, 3-dimensional FPGA, memristor-based nanoFPGA, and embedding-module FPGA, are discussed to solve the current FPGA challenges of timing constringency, signal integrity and power issues. This survey article aims to provide a guideline to future FPGA development.