Multiple voltage electrical power distribution system for automotive applications

Over the course of the 20th Century, the automobile electrical system has experienced one architectural change, one significant electrical power plant change and one notable change in the electrical storage component. There is now growing disparity in voltage level requirements between electronic and electrical loads to the point that a single voltage system may no longer be the most efficient for electrical generation and distribution. Electronic system components for engine control and passenger amenities will continue to trend to 2.5 V and lower within the next 10 to 15 years. New electrical loads such as electromechanical engine valve actuators, and new actuator technologies such as piezoelectric-based motors and ballasts for lamps will benefit from higher voltages. Higher power electrical loads will require higher voltages to minimize wire harness and connector bulk. This paper presents the case for another electrical system architecture change. Not a change to a single higher voltage, rather to a multiple voltage system as an alternative to meet the conflicting demands of continually growing vehicle electrical systems.