Mobile IPv6 without home agent

In mobile IP, the home agent (HA) is an essential component. Mobile nodes will not function properly if the HA cannot be reached. Enhanced Route Optimization applies the Cryptographically Generated Home Address in the Mobile IPv6, to enhance the security and reduce the handoff delays. Unfortunately, it cannot provide home prefix validation. Communication with the Home Agent is still required to avoid the possibility of “return-to-home” flooding attacks. This paper proposes an enhanced mechanism for Mobile IPv6 communications when the home agent functions currently fail, allowing mobile nodes to continue operating even if the Home Agent is unreachable.