Multi-band multi-standard local oscillator generation for direct up/down conversion transceiver architectures supporting WiFi and WiMax bands in standard 45nm CMOS process

A highly linear LO generation architecture for direct up/down conversion transceiver is designed in standard 45nm 1.15V digital CMOS process. The spectral purity is better than 50dBc for WiFi and 45dBc for WiMax. The frequency plan is targeted to overcome the VCO pulling due to on-chip transmit power amplifiers. This architecture generates LO frequencies for WiFi 802.11b/g and WiMax 802.16e bands covering 2.3-2.7GHz, 3.3-3.8GHz and 4.8-5.8GHz from narrow input VCO range of 8-9.6GHz. Integrated (1k-40MHz) phase noise contribution is lower than 60dBc across all three bands.