Multi-state radiometry: noise de-embedding and unterminating

A noisy one-port device embedded in a noisy two-port is investigated from the metrology positions. The output noise power analyzed at different states of the two-port and the termination leads to defining the dual relevant issues of de-embedding and unterminating. A novel idea of multi-state total power radiometer for simultaneous measuring the reflection coefficient and the noise temperature of one-ports has been introduced.