A hybrid scheme of robust and fragile watermarking for H.264/AVC video

In this paper, we proposed a blind watermarking technique to protect the video copyright and integrity by embedding both the robust and the fragile watermarks in H.264 video during video encoding. The proposed robust watermarks are embedded on some specific quantized DCT coefficients of intra-frame residue to keep the video copyright as those selected coefficients are strong enough to against the attack. On the other hand, our fragile watermarks are embedded on some motion vectors of inter-frames to preserve the video integrity with minimal affection to the video quality. The embedded messages are generated by Message-Digest algorithm 5 (MD5) to increase the detection sensitivity. Experimental results show that our proposed robust watermarking algorithm is robust to various attacks, and fragile watermarking algorithm is sensitive to the video forgery or malicious modification, such as transcoding and various signal processing. Additionally, the algorithm is viable for real-time applications.