Modelling enhanced spherical diffraction and troposcattering on a transhorizon path with the aid of the parabolic equation and ray tracing methods

The parabolic equation is applied to model the effect of an evaporation duct and high k-factor simultaneously present in a multilink path of 11.6 GHz over the sea. In addition, the ray tracing method is extended to the calculation of the common volume and, in conjunction with the radar equation, to estimating the scatter power and delay spreads. The results are compared with experimental observations and provide an explanation on transhorizon propagation phenomena.