An analysis of reflections on PCB traces based on the Bergeron method

Bergeron diagram method is a method to evaluate the effects of reflections on signal integrity. This graphic method is based on the real line's characteristics and it's valid for both linear and non-linear input/output characteristics of the driver/receiver. The value of the line characteristic impedance Z₀ is considered always the same at every reflection because the Bergeron method is used only for first reflections. This diagram method was implemented in MatLab, and the input/output characteristics are the ones given by PSpice simulation.