A PSO-based tuning of a capacitorless current-mode bandpass biquad

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is successfully deployed to tune a capacitorless all-OTA bandpass biquad. The fitness evaluation, dominating the overall computation cost, is limited by using small-size swarm of less than ten particles. A second-order bandpass requirement, centered at 406.2 MHz, is successfully tuned as a sample. Comparisons experiments verify the superiority of the proposed PSO-based tuning over the tuning via the genetic algorithm (GA) which was introduced last year. The selection of initial swarm is proved important as the PSO-based tuning with small random initial swarm completely fails the tunings.