A generalized theoretical analysis and application of cross-correlation to spaced-antenna wind profilers

The cross-correlation of signals in separated receiving antennas is expressed in terms of the properties of the refractive index field (i.e., vertically anisotropic Kolmogorov spectral form) and its advecting flow (i.e., uniform with isotropic turbulence). The condition under which Bragg scatterers can be considered as discrete particles is given. The authors use the derived expression to develop simple formulas to obtain the wind component parallel to the line connecting the receivers and its accuracy.