Modelling of returned trajectories at heights below the maximum of the F2 layer

Radiosounding experiments abord the “Mir” manned space station resulted in ionograms with Retarded Lower Traces(RLT) [1]. These unique traces can be explained as traces of trajectories which are irradiated from a satellite and after an inclinced reflection from Earth come back to the satellite as a result of their sharp deviation by the irregularity in the ionosphore (returned trajectories).