A novel cluster formation algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in many applications, including health monitoring, military and national security, environmental monitoring, and many other fields. In these applications, tiny sensors with limited energy resource are deployed and left unattended to continuously report parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, light, and chemical activity. Once deployed, the tiny sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the users. Therefore, energy efficiency is an important design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to prolong the effective lifetime of a network with a limited energy supply. Clustering technique has been proven to be an effective approach for organizing wireless sensor network into a connected hierarchy. Nodes that are clustered together can easily be able to communicate with each other. In this paper, we describe a novel cluster formation algorithm for wireless sensor networks according to considering the energy as an optimization parameter while clustering is imperative. We illustrate the algorithm for clustering the sensor nodes such that each cluster (which has a cluster head) is balanced and the total energy consumption between sensor nodes and cluster heads is minimized. Balancing the clusters is needed for evenly distributed the load on an all cluster heads. This problem is modeled and then gives the solution and simulation result to it.