A single transverse mode operation of top surface emitting laser diode with a integrated photo-diode

In summary, we have fabricated a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with an integrated photodiode. The device shows a stable fundamental operation throughout the entire range. The photodiode shows a linear responsivity to the laser output power up to the maximum power. The problem associated with spontaneous emission will be corrected by modifying the structure to prevent the absorption of extra spontaneous emission.