A methodology for measuring the chronotropic and inotropic effects during autonomic tests

A methodology for autonomic testing, that reflects both chronotropic and inotropic effects and their relationship is presented. ECG and impedance cardiogram (ICG) are recorded from the subject during each test. The method provides plots of heart rate, pre-ejection period and blood ejection velocity. This non-invasive technique has been applied to normal subjects and patients with autonomic disorders. Some analysis techniques are proposed, as future research directions, to improve the clinical application of the method.