Calibration of time-of-flight range imaging cameras

In this paper, a procedure for the systematic, generic and reproducible calibration of 3-D time-of-flight range imaging cameras is proposed. First, the effect of a number of internal and environmental influence factors is studied. Internal factors include the illumination radiation pattern, inner temperature and pixel integration period. Environmental factors are the ambient temperature, light, and target properties such as position, reflectance and color. Then, the influence of these factors is compensated. The procedure is illustrated with the SR-3000 camera, and validation results show that systematic improvements of the measurement accuracy have been obtained.