A novel passivity verification and enforcement algorithm for macromodels of microwave devices

This paper presents a new algorithm for passivity verification and enforcement on single-port macromodels of microwave devices, characterized by tabulated data. The new approach overcomes the difficulties associated with determining the imaginary eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian matrix, which are traditionally used in validating the passivity of a macromodel. The paper also presents a new method for quantification of passivity violations as well as passivity enforcement.