Touschek effect calculation and its application to a transport line

The Touschek effect is a major concern for lepton storage rings of low emittance (i.e., high bunch density) and low or moderate beam energy, such as third-generation synchrotron light sources. Piwinski's formula, which includes beam shape variation along the beamline and which is suitable for any beam energy, has been incorporated into a program that interoperates with elegant for use in lifetime calculations. The difference between using Piwinski's method and other simplified methods for the APS is shown in this paper. Furthermore, because of the generality of this formula, we also applied it to transport lines to predict beam loss rates and beam loss locations for the first time. An example related to a possible energy recovery linac upgrade of the APS (APS-ERL) is also given in this paper.