Synchronization-Aware Distributed Space-Time Codes in Wireless Relay Networks

In this paper, we consider the design of synchronization-aware distributed space-time codes, which we denote as diagonal distributed space-time codes (DDSTC), for N relay nodes helping the source. We impose the diagonal structure of the distributed space-time code to simplify synchronization among the different relay nodes because it is very difficult to synchronize simultaneous transmissions of randomly located relay nodes. We derive an upper bound on the outage probability of the system, which shows that a diversity of order N can be achieved using the diagonal structure of the code. Then, we derive the code design criterion for the DDSTC based on minimizing the pairwise error probability (PEP) to achieve full diversity.