In situ TEM Study of Electric Field-Induced Phenomena in Ferroelectric Ceramics

High electric fields were delivered to specimens during imaging in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) chamber to reveal details of electric field-induced phenomena in ferroelectric oxides. These include the grain boundary cavitation in a PZT ceramic, the domain wall fracture in a Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) single crystal, the transformation of incommensurate modulations in Pb_0.99Nb_0.02[(Zr_1-xSn_x)_1-y Ti_y]_0.98O₃ (PZST100x/100y/2) ceramics, and the growth of polar nanodomains in a Sc-modified PMN ceramic.