Large Scale Routing in a Multi-Hop Cellular Network Using a Radial Geometric Approach

In this paper, we present a routing methodology for a dense multi-hop cellular network that scales well to a very large number of nodes. A hierarchical proactive routing scheme is employed that involves two-tiers: an upper tier for large scale cell-level paths and a lower tier for local tree-based routing. The upper-tier routing is accomplished by tracking a next hop cell for L = 2pi/phi virtual routers that represent sectors emanating from a source root thereby forwarding the message to the parent node associated with the next cell's routing tree. Lower-tier routing involves simply routing to the parent node of the tree with respect to a destination base station. Once there, the message is broadcast to the destination user. Routing complexity is reduced from O(n³) to O(1) for this routing scheme at a small cost in accuracy. Simulations are performed on different sized networks ranging from 70,000 nodes to nearly 700,000 nodes to demonstrate successful performance of the large-scale routing approach.