A Generalized Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Technique

This paper discuss the theory and implementation of a generalized set of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques. In particular, the Thru-Reflect-Match (TRM) (& Line-Reflect-Match - LRM) technique will be developed. This technique uses a throughline, a reflective device and a matched Z0 load. The TRM/LRM technique is closely related to the TRL method popularized by Hewlett-Packard in the HP 8510B but overcomes certain application limitations of TRL. The described theory generalizes calibration methods for a broad range of coaxial, waveguide and other non-coaxial media. Calibrated measurement results from Open-Short-Load-Thru (OSLT), TRL and TRM/LRM will be presented.