Experience Dictates Future HVDC Insulator Requirements

Failure to observe past ± 400 kV HVDC operating experience in an environment of light pollution can lead to trouble for new ± 500 kV and ± 600 kV lines in similar areas. Over 10 years data is presented on both station and line insulation for the Sylmar Converter Station and the Pacific HVDC line near Los Angeles. Costly station and line maintenance procedures are discussed. Experience with available remedies and experimentation with non-ceramic insulators points out the need for further research and development in HVDC insulation.