Analysis of course errors on CVOR antennas (including effects of mutual coupling between elements)

VOR (VHF omnidirectional radio range) is a radio beacon navigation aid giving aircraft bearing information from VOR stations. Currently, two types of VOR are in use in Japan, the conventional type (hereinafter referred to as CVOR) and the Doppler type (hereinafter referred to as DVOR). This paper will describe the bearing error resulting from including the effects of mutual coupling between elements. We therefore calculated coupling between the Alford loop elements and analyzed the bearing error by using the data obtained. In this paper, we also propose a method to minimize the bearing error.<>