Cross-layer handoff management scheme in heterogeneous networks

Cross-layer handoff management aims to complete layer 3 handoff with help from layer 2. The proposed cross-layer handoff management scheme shows that cooperation between the layer 3 and layer 2 is able to improve the performance of handoff management in IP-based heterogeneous communication environment. In the next phase, cross-layer optimization for handoff management leading to a holistic connectivity management is worthy of further investigation