Formulation and validation of a proportional-integral-derivative (P-I-D) structure modified optimal model for the human gunner in an anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) tracking task

This paper describes the formulation and validation of a human gunner model suitable for inclusion into a general anti-aircraft artillery attrition algorithm. An optimal control theoretic model with a proportional-integralderivative (P-I-D) controller structure is shown to describe the human gunner's input-output characteristics in the most effective manner. Experimental data from manned AAA simulations is used in formulating and validating the P-ID optimal control gunner model. The gunner model includes target trajectory dependent parameters to account for the adaptive characteristics of the human controller, and allows for lower order internal (to the human) representations of the system dynamics (weapon system and target trajectory) to reflect realistic human psychophysical limitations. The model formulation is in terms of the tracking error and a sufficient number of its higher order derivatives.