Measurement of spurious resonances of crystal units using network analysers with error correction

The hybrid bridge technique for the measurement of spurious responses as standardized by IEC 283 (1968) has significant limitations in accuracy and reproducibility. Significant progress has been made in the last years applying modern network analysers in connection with error correction methods to the measurement of crystal units. The paper presents a systematic approach to adapt the new techniques to the measurement of spurious responses. The goal is to use the standard test set-up (such as the /spl pi/-network or a s-parameter test fixture) as it is used for the determination of the crystal parameters of the main mode (1989). In connection with the published method for the measurement of load resonance parameters (1990), all crystal parameters can then be measured with one unique set-up configuration.<>