The effects of timing jitter in sampling systems

Waveform estimates that are based on samples taken with timing jitter tend to be biased. The authors derive expressions for the bias that results from using the sample mean for the bias that results from using the sample mean as an estimator, and they show that it can be approximated in the frequency domain by a simple filter function. The Markov estimator used in the sampling voltage tracker is also studied and shown to converge asymptotically to the population median. It is therefore an unbiased estimator for monotonic waveforms sampled with jitter distributions having a median of zero.<>