Signal copy with array calibration errors

This paper studies the effect of array manifold errors on the performance of various signal copy algorithms. Under the assumption that the observation time is sufficiently long, the following algorithms are studied: classical beamforming, least squares, total least squares, linearly constrained minimum variance beamforming, and structured stochastic estimation. Expressions for the mean-square error of the signal estimates are derived as a function of the manifold errors for both the ease where the directions of arrival (DOAs) are known precisely and for the case where the DOAs must be estimated.<>