When you have to retrofit 15 kV switchgear

The growth of paper mills has placed an ever greater demand on power distribution systems. Most mill power systems consist of switchgear designed in the 1950s and 60s. Much of this equipment is still in service, and is approaching the end of its useful life because of exceeding design safety limits, obsolescence, and wear out. This paper discusses the resolution of economic, engineering and logistical problems associated with the replacement of "outgrown" power distribution switchgear in a large integrated pulp and paper mill. Also discussed are the problems and concerns associated with retrofitting switchgear, including specifications, qualification and certification of vendors, installation and start-up. Special attention is given to bus bracing as a necessary consideration when upgrading older power distribution equipment.<>