Multi-level concatenated block coded modulation schemes

In such a scheme the inner codes are block modulation codes and the outer codes are generally block codes with code symbols from some Galois fields. If the inner codes, outer codes, and the level of concatenation are properly chosen, very good performance can be achieved with high spectral efficiency and large coding gain. Two specific schemes are proposed. Simulation studies show that these perform very well and achieve significant real coding gains over uncoded reference modulation systems.<>