Area-efficient gain- and offset-compensated very-large-time-constant SC biquads

A signal flow graph analysis of K. Nagaraj's (1989) very large time-constant biquads based on charge splitting is described. With the addition of offset-storing capacitors, gain- and offset-compensated biquads are obtained. By applying the charge differencing technique, the biquads can be made very area efficient. Simulation results are presented to confirm the analysis.<>