A technique for wideband impedance characterization of practical monopoles in free space and parallel plate structures

The authors present the development of wideband network models for practical monopoles in both free space and parallel plate structures. The models are demonstrated for practical monopole realizations in the 3-20-GHz frequency range. The synthesis technique, which utilizes precision measured data and nonlinear weighted least-squares estimation, has been shown to provide accurate network models for monopole antennas in free space and in a parallel plate structure.<>